X-Ray Calc: A software for the simulation of X-ray reflectivity

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چکیده ندارد.

Magnetic X-ray Reflectivity

X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity

re = 2.818 × 10−15m is the classical electron radius, ρe is the electron density of the material, and μx is the absorption length. With δ > 0 we find that n < 1, which leads to the phenomenon of so-called total external reflection for incident angles αi below the critical angle αc = √ 2δ. Typical values for δ are 10−5 . . . 10−6, and thus αc is in the range of 0.1 ◦ . . . 0.5◦. For simplicity, ...

Optimum driving a Z-pinch for soft X-Ray lasers

A capillary plasma z-pinch as an alternative active medium of soft X-Ray lasers was studied experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical analysis was based on the self consistent solution of the so called “snow plow” model. The dynamics of pinched plasma is determined by the capillary parameters and by the time dependence of electrical current passing through it. The current time dependenc...

Forty Years of X-Ray Binaries

In 2012 it was forty years ago that the discovery of the first X-ray binary Centaurus X-3 became known. That same year it was discovered that apart from the High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) there are also Low-Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs), and that Cygnus X-1 is most probably a black hole. By 1975 also the new class of Be/X-ray binaries was discovered. After this it took 28 years before ESAs INTE...